Upregulation of aerobic glycolysis and an elevated lactate accumulation have been linked to tumour aggressiveness. However, current evidence drawn from cell culture and small animal models remains controversial. Since lactate and lipid share the same spectral frequency, conventional MRS is inadequate in quantifying lactate under overwhelming lipid signal. Double quantum filtered (DQF) MRS allows excellent suppression of lipid signal from adipose breast tissues. We examined prognostic role of lactate concentration through a cross sectional study in grade II and III whole tumours freshly excised from patients with breast cancer using DQF MRS for the quantification of lactate concentration.
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