Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) overexpress high-mannose-type (HM) N-glycans on their membrane surface. Taking advantage of the five exchangeable hydroxyl groups on mannose that provide CEST MRI contrast, we present a label-free method for tracking hMSCs in vivo. The mannose-sensitive CEST (manCEST) signal of hMSCs was clearly distinguishable from the surrounding host tissue and stood out against several other transplanted cell lines tested.
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