This work describes a novel 3D bSSFP sequence that integrates a lactate specific excitation pulse and stack-of-spiral readouts for improved lactate dynamic imaging in hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate studies on a clinical 3T scanner. Compared with metabolite specific GRE sequences, the MS-3DSSFP sequence showed an overall 2.5X SNR improvement for lactate imaging in rat kidneys, tumors of TRAMP mice and human kidneys.
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