Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke. Arrhythmic heartbeats in AF may alter atrial flow characteristics and the influence of differences in heart rates on LA 3D hemodynamics has not yet been systematically investigated. Recently, a fully self-gated free-running 5D flow (4D flow+respiration) framework was introduced and validated. The purpose of this study was to expand the 5D flow framework to explore the influence of heart rates on thrombogenic hemodynamic parameters in AF patients.
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