In this work we propose and validate a Paradigm-Free fMRI (PFFMRI) algorithm that acts directly on the 4-D fMRI image and recover the underlying brain activations without knowledge on the experimental paradigm. PFFMRI is based on the idea that large image variations should be preserved as they occur during brain activation, but small variations should be smoothed to remove noise. Starting from this, we were able to regularize the fMRI image with an anisotropic regularization, thus recovering the location of the brain activations in space and their timing and duration without knowledge of the experimental paradigm.
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