Robust visualization of the coronary vessels is challenging due to cardiac and respiratory motion. Several strategies exist that resolve respiratory motion (XD-GRASP) or compensate for it using N-dimensional image-based navigators to correct for N dimensions of motion. We present a novel self-navigation method wherein the minimization of an image metric is used to estimate 3D non-rigid respiratory motion from a 1D navigator signal (focused navigation: fNAV). We validate fNAV for free-breathing cardiac triggered whole-heart CMRA in a realistic numerical phantom, demonstrate its use in cohorts of healthy volunteers and patients, and quantitatively compare fNAV reconstructions to XD-GRASP.
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