fMRI interpretations based on traditional neurovascular coupling ignore the possible impact of vasoactive neurotransmitters released during brain activity. The striatum has atypical neurovascular coupling, and the highest concentrations of vasoactive dopamine. We evoked dopamine release in ventral striatum, and used simultaneous BOLD-fMRI and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) to observe global hemodynamics and quantify local dopamine and oxygen changes, respectively. Voltammetric oxygen correlated highly with BOLD, and increased linearly with local dopamine release, such that dopamine hemodynamic response functions could be derived. This multimodality explores hemodynamics at multiple spatiotemporal scales with the additional context of neurotransmission, which will improve fMRI interpretation.
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