Imaging tumor metabolism using hyperpolarized (HP) pyruvate shows tremendous potential for new insight into disease and response to therapy, but these technically challenging measurements must be carefully designed to maximize accuracy and reproducibility. In this work, we explore the temporal filtering effects of signal excitations on observed HP MRI magnetization. The signal flow diagram and its associated transfer function confirm a low-pass filtering effect that can be controlled by the prescribed excitation angle and sampling interval. Low excitation angles promote temporal averaging but reduce sensitivity to higher frequency content. We explore the effects of signal excitation on quantification.
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