Sub-5 nm ultrafine iron oxide nanoparticles (uIONP) is capable of entering intracranial U87 brain tumors in mice, leading to T1-contrast enhancement in the tumor similar to the clinically used gadolinium chelate contrast agents. The intra-tumoral accumulation of uIONP was supported by in vivo and ex vivo NIR imaging of NIR830-labeled uIONP and histological analysis. The developed uIONPs demonstrated faster clearance via kidney and liver comparing to conventional IONPs with larger sizes. Further development of uIONP-based MRI probes and drug carriers can provide a theranostic platform for precision medicine in brain tumors.
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