This study demonstrates the in vitro characterization of tryptophan, 5-HTP, serotonin (5-HT), 5-HIAA (all members of the serotonin biosynthesis pathway), and melatonin at precise pH, temperature, and concentration. At pH 5.5, CEST contrast between 0.6 and 1.9 ppm, originating from the NH3+ side chain, is exhibited by tryptophan, 5-HTP, and 5-HT. All five molecules at pH 7.4 exhibit CEST contrast between 5.11 and 5.47 ppm, originating from the NH proton on the indole ring. If sensitive enough in vivo, these measurements could improve the objectivity of clinically diagnosed psychiatric disorders and could provide a new biological understanding of serotonergic dysfunction.
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