The wide-spread and/or bilateral activity patterns in cortical and thalamic areas were common observation in response to innocuous and noxious electrical stimulation in mouse BOLD fMRI studies. Those findings may be related to the global BOLD effect confounded by stimulus-induced changes in cardiac functions such as heart rate and blood pressure, rather than originated from underlying neural activity. Under the ketamine-xylazine anesthesia, sympathetic activity is known to be suppressed. Here, we measured the response specificity of the BOLD signal responding from innocuous to putative noxious stimuli in mice under ketamine-xylazine anesthesia.
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