Currently, data are scarce on the long-term outcome of prenatal exposure to cancer treatment. In this preliminary analysis, we investigated white matter development in 9-year-old children who were prenatally exposed to chemotherapy, using multi-shell diffusion MRI and fixel-based analysis. We found indications of lower within-voxel (reflected by Fibre Density), macroscopic (reflected by Fibre Cross-section) and total (reflected by Fibre Density and Cross-section) intra-axonal volume of the splenium, isthmus and tapetal fibres of the corpus callosum in children with prenatal chemotherapy exposure compared to controls. This suggests prenatal chemotherapy exposure to potentially impact white matter development.
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