Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) maps the individual in vivo fate of 2H-enriched metabolites. Upon injecting 2H6,6’-glucose, DMI images a 2H-water peak, and a small but diagnostic 2H3,3’-lactate signature, highlighting tumors and their aberrant metabolism. DMI faces major sensitivity challenges, that can be alleviated by a multi-echo balanced SSFP approach. When suitably tuned, multi-echo bSSFP yields good spectral isolation of all metabolites, and thanks to the relatively large T2/T1 ratios of deuterated compounds, several-fold increases in SNR vs. chemical shift imaging are then obtained. This is demonstrated in phantoms, and in in vivo mice studies of orthotopic pancreatic tumors.
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