PI-RADS guidelines use quantitative mono-exponential apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for risk stratification of small potentially aggressive prostate cancer (PCa). Inherently, multi-exponential diffusion in complex tumor microenvironment, limits accuracy of ADC-based thresholds and clinical utility of DWI acquisition protocols. Biomimetic phantoms that provide ground-truth diffusion parameters help establish accuracy of advanced multi-b DWI protocols and parametric diffusion models in prostate tumors. This work demonstrates development of stable phantoms based on lipid nanoparticles that provide diffusion parameter ranges typical of PCa.
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