Most clinical diffusion MRI (dMRI) applications rely on statistical comparisons between large groups of patients and healthy controls to infer altered tissue state. For clinicians and researchers studying small datasets, rare cases, or individual patients, this approach is clearly inappropriate. We recently developed a framework to advance dMRI-based tractometry towards single-subject analysis. By 1) operating on the manifold of white matter pathways and by 2) learning normative microstructural features to better discriminate patients from controls, our framework successfully identified idiosyncrasies in patterns along brain white matter pathways in individuals with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD).
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