The proton resonance frequency (PRF) offset, which is linear to the temperature changes, has been developed and applied for thermal ablation therapies. However, the conventional PRF-based thermometry is limited in temperature measurements of fat due to the absence of hydrogen bonds. In this work, we proposed a revised and retrospective PRF method merged with the nonlinear circle fitting, to detect the accurate phase changes of water for achieving temperature measurements in aqueous and adipose tissues. The in vitro water-bathing heating for phantom and ex vivo focused ultrasound (FUS) heating for swine tissues were performed to verify the proposed method.
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