4D flow MRI can measure the full 3D mitral regurgitant jet velocity field allowing for direct characterization of jet flow dynamics. We performed in vitro investigation of two fluid dynamic phenomena known as flow entrainment and axial momentum conservation for MR-mimicking pulsatile flow jet using 4D flow MRI. The impact of spatial resolution on the characterization accuracy was also systematically assessed. The results revealed that 1) jet flow volume may not be equivalent to regurgitant flow volume and 2) axial momentum could reliably characterize MR jet by avoiding partial volume effect close to the orifice.
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