We used single-voxel 1H MRS at 3T to study acute brain metabolic changes during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery in a neonatal piglet model, with the overall goal of determining optimal surgical parameters for minimizing brain injury. The recent improvements in proton spectroscopy and MR scanner performance allowed robust measurement of dynamic brain water and metabolic changes during hypothermia and circulatory arrest. Key findings include a linear relationship between unsuppressed water and brain temperature, observation of the theoretically predicted NMR “powder pattern” from intravascular water during hypoxia, and quantitative measurements of glucose, lactate, and phosphocreatine metabolic rates vs temperature.
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