Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality. Microvascular invasion (MVI) of HCC is a major prognostic factor that influences treatment strategy and long-term survival, but it is difficult to identify MVI until the tumor is surgically removed and analyzed histologically. Both DCE-MRI and Chemical shift encoded (CSE) MRI can be used to evaluate of HCC in clinical practice. Using CSE-MRI, we found a high percentage of elevated peritumoral R2* on quantitative R2* maps with MVI-positive patients compared to MVI-negative patients. CSE-MRI has the potential to assess MVI of HCC preoperatively.
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