Physiologic fluctuations can lead to the appearance of artefactual angiographic signal in the perfusion image of time-encoded pCASL previously dubbed “shine-through effect”. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential mechanisms inducing this artefact by characterizing the noise in time-encoded pCASL signal from individual Hadamard columns and rows as well as without labeling. We observed higher temporal standard deviation in the arteries compared to gray matter, and found that the shine-through effect was present even without labeling, suggesting that it is caused by the selective background suppression pulse applied close to acquisition time and the associated fresh inflow.
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