Glioblastoma multiforme has been reported to rely both on glycolysis and oxidative metabolism but methods are lacking to assess such heterogenity in vivo. We previously showed a novel application of Marchenko–Pastur PCA denoising (MP-PCA) to dynamic glucose-enhanced deuterium MRS (DGE 2H-MRS). Here, we use this approach to measure glycolytic and oxidative metabolic turnover rates in mouse glioma, thereby assessing their functional metabolic heterogeneity. This methodology can be extended to other cancer models and is available for clinical translation, holding strong potential for improving non-invasive cancer phenotyping and/or assessment of early therapeutic response.
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