Tractography based on diffusion-weighted MRI provides non-invasive in vivo estimates of trajectories of long-range brain connections. These estimates are important in research that measures individual differences in brain connections and in clinical use-cases. But the computational demands of tractography present a barrier to progress. Here, we present a GPU-based tractography implementation that accelerates tractography algorithms implemented as part of the Diffusion Imaging in Python (DIPY) project. This implementation speeds up tractography by at least a factor of ~200X, providing tractographies that closely match CPU-based solutions. These speedups enable applications of tractography in clinical data, and in very large datasets.
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