In FFC-NMR, R1-dispersion curves of biological systems frequently show quadrupolar peaks (QP) between 1.5 and 3.5 MHz that correspond to the cross relaxation of water 1H and protein 14N. QP of glioma invasion tissues (Glio6 and Glio96 mouse models) and of high glioma proliferation (U87 model) were acquired ex vivo and compared to cell pellets in vitro, showing significant differences. This result suggests that QP signals are intracellular, a result which was confirmed by measurements of cells after trypsin treatment which showed unchanged QP amplitude. This result highlights the potential of the QPs as an intracellular biomarker of glioma invasion.
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