Recent studies have proposed deuterium (2H)-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI) as a reliable, non-invasive, and safe method to quantify the human metabolism of 2H-labeled substrates such as glucose and their downstream metabolism and address the major drawbacks of positron emission tomography or carbon (13C)-MRS. Here, we pioneered a dynamic proton 3D (1H)-MRSI for indirect 2H-measurements in humans. In contrast to 2H-MRS(I), the method provides higher sensitivity and chemical specificity to differentiate glutamate, glutamine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid deuterated at specific molecular positions while simultaneously mapping both labeled and unlabeled metabolites without specialized hardware after peroral ingestion of 2H-labeled glucose.
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