Recently, the susceptibility source separation method, χ-separation, was suggested to separate paramagnetic and diamagnetic susceptibility distributions in the brain, potentially providing quantitative information of paramagnetic iron and diamagnetic myelin. However, the ill-posed nature of dipole-inversion has hindered accurate estimation and direct comparison with histology. Here, we extended the model for multi-orientation GRE, resolving the ill-posedness. The new model is applied to in-vivo and ex-vivo, revealing exquisite details of susceptibility distribution. When the results are compared to iron and myelin histology, great similarities are observed, suggesting the potentials of χ-separation for non-invasively acquiring three-dimensional histological information of iron and myelin.
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