The purpose of this study was to assess the differences in the patterns of NMOSD and MS-related optic nerve damage by DTI. In this study, the intraorbital optic nerve was divided anatomically in three equal parts. We found that NMOSD-related optic neuritis exhibited extensive optic nerve damage, particularly in the posterior segment of the optic nerve, whereas MS-related optic neuritis tended to be more anterior-middle optic nerve damage. In addition, the combination of FA with conventional MRI showed better differential diagnostic efficacy for NMOSD and MS-related optic neuritis.
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