We examined the test-retest repeatability and intraobserver reliability of 4D flow MRI while assessing the pulsatility and flow rates of a variety of cerebral arteries and veins in healthy volunteers. A subset of these vessels were also measured using 2D phase-contrast MRI, a more established method, to assess the level to which the lower-resolution (but higher-coverage) 4D method could compare to its 2D counterpart. Flow pulsatility appears to play a role in the development of cerebral small vessel disease and so testing the capabilities of 4D flow in this context is an important step before applying it to clinical studies.
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