Tumor budding (TB) is a histopathologic characteristic which has led to a growing interest in the prognosis prediction of cancers of various sites. Preoperative prediction of TB status may help personalize treatment in rectal cancer cancer patients. Previous studies showed MRI-based and PET/CT based radiomics can predict TB status, however, the high cost and complex post-processing limit their clinical applications. Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI has been extensively evaluated aggressiveness of rectal cancer. Results of this study indicate Kep values can effectively differentiate high from intermediate-low grade TB.
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