Recent studies have shown that a three-compartment model is preferable when analyzing renal DWI signal, as the conventional bi-exponential IVIM fitting does not differentiate between pure water diffusion and incoherent intra-tubular fluid motion. However, triexponential IVIM modelling in the kidney is challenging due to suboptimal SNR of diffusion-weighted images. In the present study, we applied Image Downsampling Expedited Adaptive Least-squared (IDEAL) fitting, which utilizes image downsampling to generate high SNR images to iteratively update the initial model parameters until the final image resolution is reached, and achieved more reliable estimates of the IVIM-related parameters compared with the conventional fitting methods.
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