Oxygen-enhanced lung MRI is promising for assessing regional lung function (ventilation and perfusion) but the physiological contributions to signal enhancement are poorly characterized. We sought to assess how oxygen-induced pulmonary vasodilation may contribute to signal enhancement by altering pulmonary blood volume and therefore lung proton density. We acquired repeated PDw and T1w images using a 0.55 T prototype MRI system in anesthetized pigs exposed to room air, 100% O2, 50% O2, hypoxia and experimental pulmonary hypovolemia. Our findings suggest that T1w signal intensity is affected by oxygen through both T1 shortening and vascular activity.
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