Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a prevalent and disabling psychiatric disorder, for which the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Herein, whole-brain voxel-based morphometry and coupled functional connectivity analyses were conducted to investigate structural and functional alterations, while correlation and mediation analyses were performed to probe the potential roles of structural-functional couplings in SAD diagnosis. As a result, we observed significant subcortical grey matter atrophy and widespread dysconnectivity in cortico-striato-thalamo-cerebellar circuitry in SAD; functional dysconnectivity could partially mediate the effects of structural atrophy on SAD diagnosis, which may contribute to clarifying the underlying mechanisms of structure-functional couplings for SAD.
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