Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) can lead to cognitive dysfunction, and in severe cases, it may develop into dementia. Early, timely and accurate diagnosis is of great significance to delay the progression of the disease, improve the quality of life and improve the prognosis. Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) based on non-Gaussian model to characterize the diffusion of water is regarded as a more sensitive technology to explore the microstructural tissue changes in compare with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). In this study, the mean kurtosis (MK) from DKI is used to assess the possible abnormality of brain regions in white and gray matter in moderate and severe OSAHS patients. And the correlation between MK values and cognitive function changes was also analyzed. The MK was found to be associated with changes in 9 brain regions including right postcentral gyrus gray matter, parietal lobe gray matter, insular gray matter, left precentral gyrus white matter, frontal lobe white matter and bilateral cingulate gyrus, left occipital lobe gray matter, and well correlated with attention, delayed recall, which can be helpful for understanding of the potential mechanism for neurocognitive function impairment and doing the evaluation.
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