We used simulations to achieve insights about the nature of the initial dip and found that it is indeed possible that retrograde propagation causes a local decoupling between hemodynamics and neural activity localized to the upper layers of the cortex. The simulations allowed to assess the contributions of the different simultaneously occurring contributions and point towards a high specificity of the initial dip to the capillaries or the veins. A methodological difficulty was posed by the limited availability of arterial dilation data. Therefore, we derived dilation traces from the measurements and determine a range of possible propagation velocities.
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