Diffusion MRI (dMRI) is known to be sensitive to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) , however, the existing dMRI studies only used diffusion tensor metrics in a few selected brain regions and primarily focus on severe-to-moderate HIE. Here we investigated microstructural alterations using multi-shell dMRI across the whole-brain in severe, moderate, and mild HIE babies (n=5/13/13) in comparison with control neonates (n=11) with region-of-interest-based, tract-based, and fixel-based analysis. We found microstructural alternations in projection and association fibers, especially the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and inferior longitudinal fasciculus that are important for visual functions.
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