Cognitive impairment is a symptom present in part of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). We demonstrated decreased GABA levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in NMOSD participants compared to healthy controls. The mPFC GABA levels showed significant associations with cognitive performance in patients with NMOSD. This study suggested that the changes in regional GABA levels might be a potential metabolic feature of cognitive decline in patients with NMOSD.
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