Lipophilic 3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (MCP) has been used as a redox-sensitive nitroxide probe in MRI and EPR brain redox studies. Despite its success for this purpose, MCP cannot evaluate the redox status at both hydrophobic and hydrophilic brain regions. Accordingly, it is necessary to identify a lipophilic nitroxide that can penetrate the BBB and is hydrolyzed to hydrophilic nitroxide by neuronal esterase in the brain. For this purpose, lipophilic 3-acetoxymethoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-1-oxyl was prepared and compared with MCP. Brain redox EPR imaging revealed that these two probes each detect a different redox status according to the antioxidant levels in the brain.
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