Restriction spectrum imaging (RSI) is a novel diffusion model that captures the distinct diffusion behavior of tumors. It separates water diffusion into several microscopic compartments. The restricted compartment correlating to the tumor cellularity is expected to be a potential indicator of rectal cancer aggressiveness. To assess the ability of RSI model for rectal tumor grading, we applied a three-compartment RSI model to DWI images of patients with different histopathological grades of rectal cancer. The RSI model demonstrated its ability to discriminate the rectal cancer of low and high grades, and the results outperforms the traditional ADC model and DKI model.
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