Gadolinium-based Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast (DSC) MRI is a popular technique to measure brain perfusion. However, it requires the use of an invasive exogenous contrast agent which accumulates in tissue and impedes repeated measurements. To overcome the need of gadolinium injection, this study employed the noninvasive deoxygenated DSC (dDSC) technique and proposed a novel respiratory challenge paradigm which delivers a sinusoidally-modulated oxygen stimulus as an endogenous contrast to measure perfusion. We evaluated this paradigm on 10 healthy controls and compared cerebral blood flow against other perfusion MRI techniques such as gadolinium-based DSC and arterial spin labeling.
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