Caffeine is known to alter brain physiology by acting as an adenosine antagonist, but its effect on the BBB permeability to water is not fully elucidated. In this study, we utilized water-extraction-with-phase-contrast-arterial-spin-tagging (WEPCAST) MRI to investigate the change of BBB permeability after caffeine challenge in young healthy adults. Results showed that after caffeine ingestion, water extraction across BBB increased as global cerebral blood flow decreased, while the BBB permeability to water remained unchanged, indicating a relative stable BBB function in response to caffeine challenge, which can be important for normal brain function.
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