Keywords: Normal Development, Perfusion, infant; cortical gradient; hierarchy; behavior; neuroscience;
Motivation: Infant cerebral blood flow (CBF) delivers nutrients to meet the brain’s energy demand for the fastest period of brain development across lifespan.
Goal(s): The presented study delineates the organizing principle of whole-brain CBF dynamics during infancy.
Approach: We optimized a state-of-the-art pseudo-continuous-arterial-spin-labeled (pCASL) sequence to obtain high-resolution spatiotemporal dynamics of infant CBF at isotropic 2.5mm.
Results: We revealed infant physiological heterogeneity and found the emergence of the limbic-sensorimotor-association cortical gradient based on CBF. Infant regional CBF changes were also associated with their improved real-world developmental functioning. These normative charts of infant CBF can serve as atlases for research and clinical care.
Impact: Capitalizing on a 3D multi-shot stack-of-spirals pCASL, we acquired the highest-resolution infant CBF maps available to date, discovered the emergence of the limbic-sensorimotor-association cortical gradient in infancy, and provide a standardized reference for infant CBF.
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