Keywords: DWI/DTI/DKI, Diffusion/other diffusion imaging techniques, Cardiac diffusion MRI, microscopic anisotropy, strong gradients, tensor-valued diffusion encoding, Diffusion Kurtosis imaging
Motivation: Tensor-valued diffusion encoding has been shown to provide more information on tissue microstructure than conventional diffusion weighting/tensor imaging.
Goal(s): Quantifying microscopic anisotropy, isotropic and anisotropic kurtosis in a human heart in vivo with a TE commonly used for DTI.
Approach: We used strong gradients ($$$\mathrm{G_{max}=300\,mT/m}$$$) in combination with linear, planar, and spherical tensor encoding with up to second-order motion compensation to achieve $$$\mathrm{b_{max} = 1500\,s/mm^2}$$$ with a TE of 74 ms.
Results: Estimated diffusion metrics matched the values reported in the literature while a shorter echo time was achieved due to the strong gradients used resulting in increased SNR and therefore image quality.
Impact: We implemented tensor-valued diffusion encoding with ultra-strong gradients for in vivo cardiac diffusion MRI in humans. This allows us to quantify microscopic anisotropy and kurtosis.
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