Keywords: Hyperpolarized MR (Non-Gas), Hyperpolarized MR (Non-Gas), 3D pH-acquisition, Z-OMPD, Kidney, Frequency determination, UMPIRE, pH imaging, Hyperpolarization, 13C MRI
Motivation: Hyperpolarized [1,5-13C2]Z-OMPD exhibits a pH-dependent chemical shift and serves as a pH-sensitive probe. However, multiple pH compartments in vivo lead to multiple closely located resonances, which currently limits acquisition to slow 2D spectroscopic sequences.
Goal(s): To develop a method to decompose an unknown number of frequencies from multiple echo images, thereby enabling faster 3D multi-compartment pH mapping.
Approach: An IDEAL-like iterative least squares method was developed for a voxel-wise signal approximation and frequency decomposition.
Results: 3D pH maps acquired in vitro and in vivo showed good agreement with pH-electrode measurements and results of other studies.
Impact: The proposed iterative least squares frequency decomposition method enables fast 3D pH measurement using hyperpolarized [1,5-13C2]Z-OMPD, providing an alternative to the previously used 2D spectroscopic sequences. The acquisition of 3D pH maps enhances the ability to investigate tumor acidification.
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