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Abstract #1797

Clever Hans effect found in a widely used Alzheimer's Disease MRI dataset

Christian Tinauer1, Maximilian Sackl1, Stefan Ropele1, and Christian Langkammer1
1Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

Synopsis

Keywords: Alzheimer's Disease, Data Analysis, T1w, classification, heatmapping, explainability, Clever Hans

Motivation: While recent studies show high accuracy in the classification of Alzheimer’s disease using deep neural networks, the influence of T1-weighted gray-white texture and preprocessing have not been investigated.

Goal(s): To systematically identify the features learned by the deep neural network for model validation.

Approach: Using T1-weighted images we separated Alzheimer's patients (n=201) from healthy controls (n=159) by using a deep neural network and systematically compared the performances using McNemar tests and the learned features using Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP).

Results: Binarized MR images yielded comparable classification performance, demonstrating a neglectable impact of T1-weighted gray-white matter texture. Learned features are similar.

Impact: The identification of biases learned by deep neural networks for disease classification using only structural MR images enables validation of the models and improves reliability.

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