Keywords: Biomarkers, Liver, Simulcast X-nuclei
Motivation: Immune-related hepatitis (IRH) is a serious side effect of tumor immunotherapy, often causing severe liver damage without early diagnostic markers. Conventional MRI is inadequate for early-stage detection.
Goal(s): To develop a simulcast X-nuclei MRI technique for early detection of IRH by monitoring microenvironmental changes such as hepatocyte edema, macrophage polarization, and metabolic shifts.
Approach: IRH was induced in rabbits, and simultaneous 1H/19F/23Na/31P MRI was conducted hourly to capture structural and metabolic changes. Blood and histological analysis validated imaging findings.
Results: 23Na MRI revealed hepatocyte edema, 31P MRSI indicated metabolic stress, dynamic 19F changes tracked macrophage activity, enabling real-time assessment of inflammation and injury.
Impact: This work highlights the potential of simulcast X-nuclei MRI in early detection and management of immune-related hepatitis.
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