Keywords: Gradients, Artifacts, acoustic noise
Motivation: Gradient echo-trains in EPI cause mechanical vibration, loud sounds, ghosting artifacts, and even mechanical failure. A better understanding of the vibration modes can help mitigate ghosting and/or disturbing sounds.
Goal(s): Modeling acoustic spectrum for a given gradient-waveform can predict the acoustic modes.
Approach: A simple model of sinusoidal echo-trains was introduced for multi-slice and multi-echo acquisition to predict acoustic modes. The effect of subtle timing changes was examined to reduce undesired acoustic peaks.
Results: The model agrees well with measurements around the 1st-harmonics, however, some peaks were amplified, probably due to system resonances. Significant ghost reduction was achieved using the model prediction.
Impact: Subtle control of slice timing and echo-times can reduce EPI-ghosting artifacts. Furthermore, proper modeling of acoustic modes, should allow replacing the current restrictive forbidden echo-spacings logic in sequences with a less restrictive vibration power-prediction.
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