Keywords: Gray Matter, Normal development, infant, cortical microstructure, early development, diffusion MRI
Motivation: Human infancy is characterized by the fastest brain changes. However, little is known about the spatiotemporal dynamics of cortical cytoarchitectural complexity.
Goal(s): To reveal spatiotemporal changes of cortical cytoarchitectural complexity across infant brain regions and between genders.
Approach: We measured cortical cytoarchitectural maturation during infancy using diffusion kurtosis-derived mean kurtosis maps from multi-shell infant diffusion MRI of the highest resolution available to date and captured both shared and unique cytoarchitectural change patterns employing generalized additive models.
Results: The results revealed both common growth trends across brain regions and between genders as well as unique regional and gender differences.
Impact: This study offers invaluable insight into spatiotemporal changes in cortical cytoarchitecture by leveraging cutting-edge multi-shell infant diffusion MRI with the highest resolution available to date. The cortical cytoarchitectural trendlines could serve as references for normal infant development and disorders.
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