Accurate temperature measurements in the presence of field inhomogeneities

Field inhomogeneities may cause errors in the temperature values measured by the proton resonance frequency (PRF) method. The present work aims to further describe and avoid such errors. Field inhomogeneities were introduced on purpose by de-adjusting shim settings, and errors by as much as 26% were obtained on temperature measurements made as part of heating experiments in a gel phantom. Methods are introduced that enabled accurate temperature measurements to be obtained even in the presence of field inhomogeneities. More generally, the proposed approaches might be applicable to field-mapping methods beyond only PRF thermometry.

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