Numerical Simulations of Xenon Diffusive Exchange in Human Lung Tissue and Capillaries using Geometrical Models Based on Histology Sections

Finite-element simulations of xenon diffusive exchange NMR in the lungs were performed using: realistic 2D geometries derived from human lung histology; and 3D uniform cylindrical capillary models. Simulated ¹²⁹ Xe MR signal dynamics from the cylinder models agreed well with previous ¹²⁹ Xe chemical shift saturation recovery (CSSR) MR data. The non-uniform distribution of tissue thicknesses in the histology sections considerably altered the shape of the predicted ¹²⁹ Xe signal dynamics. Artificial thickening of alveolar septa caused increased diffusion-limitation of gas-exchange as expected from MR measurements. These findings have implications for future design of ¹²⁹ Xe MR experiments and modelling of lung microstructure.

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