Geometrical complexity of left ventricular endocardial border measured by fractal analysis: a comprehensive study

Increased left ventricle trabeculations (LVT) are frequently seen in various cardiac diseases. LVT can be accurately delineated from cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) images, but methods to quantify them remain limited. Fractal analysis of CMR images was recently proposed and proved to be an effective quantitative measure in distinguishing normal from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In this study, we quantified LVT using fractal dimension in a large cohort of normal controls, athletes with and without athlete heart syndrome, patients with non-compaction, hypertrophic and non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Of clinical importance, this study demonstrates a wide spectrum of LVT patterns between normal cardiac conditions and abnormal ones, such as hypertensive heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and left ventricular non-compaction.

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