Heart failure is a multifactorial disease including a reduced pump efficiency leading to an insufficient oxygen supply for all body organs. However, the consequence of heart failure to brain structure is an important issue that needs further investigation. We used structural MRI with voxel-based morphometry to investigate a relationship between gray matter density and heart failure using ejection fraction and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide as markers for disease severity. These markers were found to be associated with decreased gray matter density in orbitofrontal and hippocampal brain regions indicating local gray matter abnormalities in these regions with heart failure.
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